VOCALIZACIONES, SONIDOS MECÁNICOS Y DESPLIEGUES DEL ATAJACAMINOS ALA NEGRA (ELEOTHREPTUS ANOMALUS) EN ARGENTINA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Resumen ∙ El Atajacaminos Ala Negra (Eleothreptus anomalus) habita pastizales húmedos del Sur de Sudamérica y se lo considera “cercano a la amenaza” debido a su baja abundancia y pérdida de hábitat. El macho se caracteriza por alas extrañas, con forma de hacha, con las primarias curvadas hacia atrás y las secundarias sensiblemente más cortas, posiblemente una adaptación para producir sonidos mecánicos. Se especula que su sistema de apareamiento podría ser tipo lek, pero existe poca evidencia, no se han descripto sus despliegues y existe confusión sobre el origen y significado de sus sonidos. Aquí presentamos información sobre los sonidos y despliegues de E. anomalus en base a grabaciones y observaciones realizadas con una población marcada en Reserva Natural Rincón de Santa María, Corrientes, Argentina (RNRSM; 2009–2018) y observaciones adicionales en Barra Concepción, Misiones, Argentina (2003–2004). En los últimos 9 años observamos concentraciones de hasta 15 machos realizando despliegues en dos tramos de caminos elevados y poco transitados de la RNRSM, que consideramos arenas de despliegue, reforzando la idea de que se trata de un sistema lek. Encontramos cinco tipos de sonidos. 1) Hembras y machos realizan llamadas de contacto (series de "tik" o "tzk"; dos variaciones). 2) Machos realizan voces durante el comportamiento de exhibición en arenas de despliegue ("Trrrrrrrrrrr"; seis variaciones). 3) Machos posados en el suelo o en vuelo emiten trinos de baja frecuencia ("priIUpririririri"; tres variaciones). 4) Una hembra realizó una voz de llamada muy suave ("guaá-ku…”), posiblemente para contactarse con pichones. 5) Machos realizan sonidos mecánicos con las alas en las arenas de despliegue ("tuk" o "brrrt"; cuatro variaciones). Frente al avance humano sobre los pastizales del cono sur, es importante utilizar el conocimiento de estos sonidos para investigar otros aspectos de la historia natural como su biología reproductiva, distribución actual, movimientos estacionales, y efectos de fuego y otros disturbios en su hábitat y poblaciones.Abstract ∙ Vocalizations, mechanical sounds, and displays of the Sickle-winged Nightjar (Eleothreptus anomalus) in Argentina The Sickle-winged Nightjar (Eleothreptus anomalus) inhabits humid grasslands in southern South America and is considered “near threatened” because of its low abundance and habitat loss. The male is characterized by peculiar wings, shaped like an axe, with the primaries curved inward and the secondaries noticeably shorter, possibly an adaptation for producing mechanical sounds. It is speculated that its mating system is lek-like, with little evidence at present; its displays have not been described, and there is confusion about the origin and significance of its sounds. Here we contribute information about the sounds and displays of E. anomalus based on recordings and observations of a marked population at Reserva Natural Rincón de Santa María, Corrientes, Argentina (RNRSM; 2009–2018) and additional observations at Barra Concepción, Misiones, Argentina (2003–2004). In the last 9 years, we observed concentrations of up to 15 males displaying on two sections of elevated, little-used road in the RNRSM, which we consider display arenas, reinforcing the idea of a lek-mating system. We found five types of sounds. 1) Females and males make contact calls (series of "tik" o "tzk"; two variations). 2) Males vocalize during exhibition flights at display arenas ("Trrrrrrrrrrr"; six variations). 3) Males on the ground or in flight emit low-frequency trills ("priIUpririririri"; three variations). 4) A female emitted a very soft call ("guaá-ku…”), possibly to contact chicks. 5) Males make mechanical sounds with their wings at display arenas ("tuk" or "brrrt"; four variations). Considering how humans are advancing into the grasslands of the southern cone, it is important to use the knowledge of these sounds to investigate other aspects of natural history, such as reproductive biology, current distribution, seasonal movements, and effects of fire and other disturbance on habitat and populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".