Bibliographic record
Abstract
<p>The surge in crude oil and natural gas liquids production from the USA and Canada, totalling over 6 million barrels/ day (mb/d) since 2006–7 (see graph on right), is a remarkable achievement of technological innovation and risk taking. This liquids growth arrived on the heels of large-scale and low-cost development of natural gas supplies from so-called tight or unconventional formations. US production growth has been driven by long-term improvements in the application of both the art and science of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing.</p> <p>In the years just prior to the emergence of the US petroleum renaissance, Canada achieved substantial improvements in both mining and steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) extraction techniques from the McMurray Formation in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. These North American (sans Mexico) unconventional petroleum developments are altering flows in world crude oil trade, shifting long-term price expectations, and challenging long-held conventional wisdom on US energy policy promulgated in an era of scarcity.</p>
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".