Mallomonas skogstadii sp. nov. and M. bakeri sp. nov.: Two New Fossil Species from the Middle Eocene Representing Extinct Members of the Section Heterospinae?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two new fossil species of the synurophyte genus Mallomonas, M. skogstadii and M. bakeri, are described from Giraffe Pipe, an Eocene locality situated near the Arctic Circle in northern Canada. Scales of both new species share a suite of characters, including an oval-shaped rib encircling approximately half of the base plate and most of the dome, a series of thick ribs on the posterior flange, but lacking on the shield, a thin posterior rim, and a flat and shallow dome. In addition, both species possess two types of scales, body scales and apical scales. Apical scales of M. bakeri form a unique forward–projecting dome, and those of M. skogstadii are significantly different in shape than the body scales. Scales of M. skogstadii are significantly larger and have a different base plate pore pattern than those of M. bakeri, and remains of both taxa were uncovered in strata deposited hundreds of years apart. Based on comparison made with modern species, M. bakeri, and to a lesser extent M. skogstadii, are placed into, and likely represent basal representatives of section Heterospinae. The floras associated with each species reflect acidic environments, probably high in dissolved humic content.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".