Plagiocephaly in Calgary, Alberta, Canada: Incidence, Risk Factors and Follow-Up
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The Canadian Foundation for the Study of Infant Deaths (CFSID), the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) and the Canadian Institute for Child Health (CICH) released a joint statement in February 1999 recommending that infants be placed to sleep on their backs to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).Subsequently, a concern has been raised about a potential consequent increase in positional plagiocephaly across Canada.No literature exists on incidence of positional plagiocephaly in the Canadian context; literature on risk factors is sparse.Research Questions: (a) What is the incidence of positional plagiocephaly in infants 7-12 weeks of age in Calgary, Alberta, Canada?(b) What are the potential risk factors for positional plagiocephaly in infants 7-12 weeks of age in Calgary, Alberta, Canada?Methods: Using a prospective cohort design, study participants (n=440 healthy term infants 7 -12 weeks old from well-child clinics at four community health centres in Calgary, Alberta) were assessed by two Research Nurses using Argenta's (2004) Plagiocephaly Assessment Tool.Parents completed a questionnaire on risk factors.Results: The incidence of positional plagiocephaly was estimated to be 46.6%.Multiple logistic regression analysis identified the following risk factors: (a) right sided head positional preference (OR: 4.662; p=.000; CI 2.868-7.577),(b) left sided head positional preference (OR: 4.212; p=.000; CI 2.446-7.251),(c) supine sleep position (OR: 2.670; p = .000;CI: 1.582-4.508),(d) vacuum/forceps assisted delivery (OR: 1.883; p=.044; CI 1.016-3.488),and (e) male sex (OR: 1.547; p= .048;CI: 1.004-2.383).iii Conclusion: Given that positional plagiocephaly is a preventable condition, an incidence of 46.6% is very troubling.Information to vary infants' head positions needs to be communicated to parents/guardians well before the 2-month well-child clinic visit.Prevention education can be targeted to parents/guardians of those infants that are male and infants that have had assisted deliveries.This could occur in the prenatal period or during the neonatal period by postpartum nurses, and PHNs involved in postpartum care.Further studies are also required in order to better understand the role of family physicians in identifying the condition and follow-up process of such infants.Severity of Plagiocephaly Observed..........
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".