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Record W2902557908 · doi:10.5539/ass.v14n12p192

Economic Growth of Saudi Arabia Between Present and Future According to 2030 Vision

2018· article· en· W2902557908 on OpenAlex
Hanaa Abdelaty Hasan Esmail

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueAsian Social Science · 2018
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicSocioeconomic Development in MENA
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsRevenueProductivityEconomicsValue (mathematics)Production (economics)Econometric modelAgricultural economicsBusinessEconomic growthMacroeconomicsEconometricsFinance

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Saudi Arabia follows a development strategy depending on many factors generating income, such as increasing non-oil investments, production and manufacturing for exports. Investing contributes mainly to diversify sources of income and generate more jobs where it is expected that the contribution of the private sector will enhance productivity in all sectors. These increased business productivities will increase the percentage annual growth rate to 5.2% in addition to increasing the added value of the oil sector. Saudi Arabia implemented a lot of policies to be out of the oil control on their economies and this is taken up in the previous papers of growth factors in Saudi Arabia until 2014. But due to the need of less dependence on oil revenues and the need to diversify sources of income, especially in the period following the drop-in oil prices, it’s necessary to create added value to the economy of Saudi Arabia, through an econometric model that illustrates oil alternatives income. This paper is based on the analysis of different growth factors after exclusion of oil revenues using the Weighted Least Square.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.638
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0020.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.326
Teacher spread0.310 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it