Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in the city of Kenora, Ontario, Canada, and surrounding area (2010-2016)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a recognized important pathogen in Indigenous populations in the Sioux Lookout area of Northwestern Ontario, Canada. This study investigates the current epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the Kenora area of Northwestern Ontario, which has a relatively large Indigenous population (30%). Methods: Data from January 2010 to December 2016 were retrieved from retrospective chart review at a hospital servicing a population of 19,380. Results: Thirty-one cases of IPD were identified. Regional incidence (26.6/100,000/year) is nearly three times the national rate (9.0/100,000/year). In adults, 66.7% of cases were caused by serotypes included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. All pediatric IPD cases were caused by serotypes not included in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Ninety per cent of cases had confirmed underlying disease. Conclusions: In the Kenora area, IPD incidence is comparable to incidence in the Sioux Lookout area. Improvement of pneumococcal vaccination uptake in senior and high-risk populations is required.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".