ATR–IR spectroelectrochemical studies of arsenic speciation at the ferrihydrite–solution interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The adsorption of arsenic on an amorphous iron oxy(hydroxides) (ferrihydrite) under reductive conditions is reported. The fabrication of an ATR–IR spectroelectrochemical cell that allows the vibrational characterization of arsenate and arsenite adsorbed on a thin film of ferrihydrite is described. The cell is shown to allow the application of reductive conditions through the introduction of a working electrode that is positioned adjacent to the mineral phase. ATR–IR spectra reveal that increasingly negative solution potentials (Eh) leads to the loss of adsorbed arsenate prior to the reductive dissolution of Fe(III) in the ferrihydrite. Under the experimental conditions, there is no evidence of reduction of arsenate to arsenite. Through the use of a miniaturized pH probe, the desorption of arsenate through electrochemical biasing is shown to arise solely from competitive adsorption from hydroxide ions produced by electrolysis of water. The results indicate that, within the time frame accessible in these measurements, only extreme reductive conditions are detrimental to arsenic sequestration in mine tailings facilities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".