Health risk assessment model for lead contaminated soil in Bagega Community, Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study developed health risk assessment model for lead contaminated soil in Bagega community using United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and Canadian Standards Association (CAS) standard procedures. Questionnaires were used to investigate the background causes and exposure pathways of lead contaminated soil. Soil samples were collected at five different sites and cancer health risk values were estimated using equations proposed by US EPA. The results show that 84.0 % of the respondents agreed that the causes of lead poisoning in the study area were due to the activities of artisanal gold miners. The major exposure pathways to lead contaminated soil are ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation while the soil ingestion generates high cancer risk, dermal contact generates low cancer risk and that of inhalation was insignificant when compared with 1.00E-06 (mg/kg/day) WHO cancer risk standard. The mean cancer health risk value for combined exposure pathway is ranged from 1.49E-03 mg/kg/day to 5.99E-03 mg/kg/day. The study established that lead contaminated soil posed cancer health risk to the people of the study area.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".