The rise and fall of mass marketing? Food retailing in Great Britain since 1960
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Food retailing is central to most economies, whether the retailing is undertaken through a producers’ market in Kenya or via a food court in a consumption ‘palace’ such as West Edmonton Mall, Alberta, Canada. The requirement to eat to live is a fundamental one recognized throughout the world. The ways in which food retailing and marketing are organized are therefore important pointers to the fabric of any society and indeed, the effectiveness and efficiency of mass food retailing has been taken as a measure of governmental ability. The consumer, retailer and producer relationships involved in a Chinese wet market in Singapore, or a bazaar in Tunis, or a drive-in McDonalds anywhere in the United States, say much about the respective economies and societies, as well as their consumers’ beliefs, actions, motivations and desires (see, for example, McClelland 1962; Fanselow 1990). The central role of food retailing and production provides a critical ‘mirror’ on society itself. In practice, however, this is a two-way mirror, with retailers and consumers being inextricably linked and changed in this symbiotic relationship.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".