Stability and compatibility of morphine with bupivacaine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The stability and compatibility of 0.05 mg/ml morphine sulphate plus 1.0 mg/ml bupivacaine hydrochloride diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride was tested at 4°C and 23°C. Over a 28-day study period, in addition to visual inspection and pH, the concentrations of morphine and bupivacaine in the mixtures were determined by a stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method on days 0, I, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 19, 21, and 28. Within and between days analytical error, determined on replicate sample analysis, averaged less than 5%for both drugs. Morphine and bupivacaine were physically compatible and retained greater than 90% of the initial concentration of both morphine and bupivacaine for 28 days when stored at either 4°C or 23°C. The pH in these compatible solutions changed by less than 0.5 of a pH unit over the study period. In summary, we recommend a 28-day expiration date for the combination of morphine, 0.05 mg/ml and bupivacaine, 1 mg/ml. However, expiry dates at any given institution should be established after giving consideration to the contamination rate within that institution’s own IV additive program. RESUME La stabilite et la compatibilite du sulfate de morphine (0,5 mg/mL) et du chlorhydrate de bupivacaine (1,0 mg/ml) dilues dans du chlorure de sodium a 0,9 % ont ete testees a des temperatures de 4 °C et 23 °C, sur une periode de 28 jours. Outre les inspections visuelles et a la verification du pH, on a determine la concentration des solutions en morphine et en bupivacaine, au moyen d'une epreuve de stabilite par chromatographie liquide, aux jours 0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 19, 21 et 28. La marge d'erreur analytique pour une meme journee ou entre deux journees, determinee par une analyse d'echantillon repete, etait inferieure a 5 % en moyenne pour les deux medicaments. La morphine et la bupivacaine se sont revelees physiquement compatibles et ont conserve plus de 90 % de leurs concentrations initiales de morphine et de bupivacaine durant 28 jours, entreposees a des temperatures soit de 4 °C, soit de 23 °C. Le pH de ces solutions compatibles a varie de moins de 0,5 unite pH au cours de la periode d'etude. En resume, une duree de conservation maximale de 28 jours est recommandee pour les melanges de morphine (0,5 mg/ml) et de bupivacaine (1 mg/ml). Cependant, chaque etablissement devra tenir compte du taux de contamination relatif a son programme d'additifs aux solutes dans la determination des durees de conservation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".