Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) Isomers Alleviate Interleukin 8 (IL-8) Production in Caco-2 Cells by Decreasing Phosphorylation of p38 and Increasing Cell Integrity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of six chlorogenic acid (CGA) isomers known to be present in coffee and other plant foods on modulating the inflammatory response induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines in the Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cell line. Compared to caffeoylquinic acids (CQA), dicaffeoylquinic acids (DiCQA) had significantly stronger (p < 0.05) capacities to reduce phosphorylation of one of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) cascades, namely p38. Compared to the control, CQA isomers treatment resulted in around 50% reduction in an interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion, whereas DiCQA, at the same concentration, resulted in a 90% reduction in IL-8 secretion, compared to the control cells. CGA isomer treatment also showed a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the up-regulation of NFκB subunit p65 nuclear translocation by more than 1.5 times, compared to the control. We concluded that CGA isomers exert anti-inflammatory activity in a mixture of interferon gamma (IFNγ) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-challenged Caco-2 cells, by decreasing the phosphorylation of p38 cascade and up-regulating NFκB signaling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".