Genetic variation in lodgepole pine and interior spruce: adaptation to climate and implications for seed transfer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis investigates genetic variation of two commercially important conifers in western Canada, interior spruce and lodgepole pine. The goals were to quantify genetic diversity and geographic structure, to describe multitrait adaptation to local climates, and to use this information for the development of seed zones for Alberta and British Columbia. The study is based on common garden experiments in growth chambers simulating multiple environments. Genetic differences in phenology, frost hardiness and seedling growth were assessed for approximately 250 seed sources. The results show that 85% of the trait variation was found within populations of both species, while only 15-20% of the among-population variation (or 2-3% of the total variation) could be interpreted as multitrait adaptations to different macroclimatic regions. A key finding of this study is a remarkable degree of genetic diversity in climate-related adaptive traits, implying enough evolutionary capacity to adapt to new environmental conditions. Our results indicate that the current seed zones system can be simplified, especially in Alberta. No more than 20 seedzones for each, lodgepole pine and interior spruce, are required to guide reforestation across Alberta and British Columbia, substantially reducing logistics for seed management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".