Mapping Oat Crown Rust Resistance Gene <i>Pc45</i> Confirms Association with <i>PcKM</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Molecular mapping of crown rust resistance genes is important to effectively utilize these genes and improve breeding efficiency through marker-assisted selection. Pc45 is a major race-specific crown rust resistance gene initially identified in the wild hexaploid oat Avena sterilis in the early 1970s. This gene was transferred to cultivated oat (Avena sativa) and has been used as a differential for identification of crown rust races since 1974. Previous research identified an association between virulence to Pc45 and PcKM, a crown rust resistance gene in the varieties ‘Kame’ and ‘Morton’. This study was undertaken to reveal the relationship between Pc45 and PcKM. Pc45 was studied in the crosses ‘AC Morgan’/Pc45 and ‘Kasztan’/Pc45, where Pc45 is the differential line carrying Pc45. F2 progenies and F2:3 families of both populations were inoculated with the crown rust isolate CR258 (race NTGG) and single gene segregation ratios were observed. SNP markers for PcKM were tested on these populations and linkage maps were generated. In addition, 17 newly developed SNP markers identified from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data were mapped in these two populations, plus another three populations segregating for Pc45 or PcKM. Pc45 and PcKM mapped to the same location of Mrg08 (chromosome 12D) of the oat chromosome-anchored consensus map. These results strongly suggest that Pc45 and PcKM are the same resistance gene, but allelism (i.e., functionally different alleles of the same gene) or tight linkage (i.e., two tightly linked genes) cannot be ruled out based on the present data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".