Description of a New<i>Rhagoletis</i>(Diptera: Tephritidae) Species in the<i>tabellaria</i>Species Group
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Flies in the genus Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritidae) are economically important fruit pests, which also serve as models for studying modes of speciation and coevolution with their hymenopteran parasitoids. We describe the morphology of Rhagoletis bushi n. sp., and its geographic distribution, host association, phylogenetic relationships, and identify an associated species of parasitoid wasp. R. bushi n. sp. is in the tabellaria species group and infests the fruit of buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea) in the Northern Great Plains of North America. There is a suite of morphological characters, and a unique host plant association, that are diagnostic of R. bushi n. sp. Further evidence for the validity of R. bushi n. sp. and its placement within the tabellaria species group comes from a multilocus molecular phylogeny for representatives of species in the tabellaria, pomonella, and cingulata groups inferred from five loci (COI, CAD, period, AATS, and 28S). Additionally, we report a species of parasitoid, Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), attacking R. bushi n. sp.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".