OP12 A population approach to the health and future prospects of young carers in glasgow
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background There is a lack of public health evidence on the impacts of being a young carer, with most evidence based on studies involving already identified carers. Young carers tend to have poorer health, education and employment outcomes compared with their peers. They are also more likely to live in areas with higher deprivation levels, and with a lone parent or adult(s) with long-term health conditions, all of which are disproportionately present in Glasgow. From April this year, local authorities and health boards across Scotland will be required to offer a ‘young carers’ statement, as stipulated by the Carers Act (2016). Using data from a schools survey (age range 11–18) in Glasgow, the research aimed to take a population approach to young carer research, specifically to: Investigate the prevalence of young carers Explore differences in their health, wellbeing and future expectations. Methods Secondary analysis of the 2014 NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde health and wellbeing secondary school survey was undertaken (n=11,215). Pupils with caring responsibilities were identified. Their outcomes in terms of physical and mental health, and post-school expectations were analysed, using three-stage complete case regression analysis in SPSS. Results Almost one in eight (12%) surveyed reported caring for someone in the household. Almost a third (30.9%) stated that no-one knew about it. Over half cared for someone with a disability, a third for someone with a long-term condition, almost a quarter for someone with a mental health problem, and just over a tenth for someone with a drug or alcohol problem. Over and above background factors and presence of illness in the household, young carers physical and mental health outcomes were significantly poorer, particularly for those caring for a person with mental health or addictions issues. They were significantly less likely to see themselves entering further or higher education. Discussion This research suggests that Glasgow could have many more young carers than previously thought, and provides clear evidence that young people’s outcomes are influenced by carer status. Possible explanations for under-identification include stigma, fear of intervention and not identifying with the ‘carer’ role. In April, the implementation of new Scottish legislation will place a duty on public services to identify and support young carers. This could present future service challenges, in particular, ensuring that young people feel comfortable enough to disclose their carer status, and that effective support measures contribute towards improving their health outcomes and future prospects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".