Using the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale to grade the intensity of a functional training program of the affected upper limb after a stroke: a feasibility study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: Intensity of a training program is a critical variable in treatment gains poststroke, but there are no guidelines to adequately dose the intensity of functional training (FT); the recommended type of training to promote poststroke recovery. Such guidelines are made available for strength training (ST) using the 1 repetition maximum (1RM), which has been linked to individuals’ self-rated level of exertion using the Borg rating of perceived exertion (BRPE) scale. The BRPE could be a valuable tool for clinicians to dose FT intensity after a stroke, but this remains to be tested. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of the BRPE at grading FT intensity of the affected upper limb in older adults with a chronic stroke and secondarily to explore the clinical changes between FT and ST when the intensity is regulated with BRPE. Patients and methods: Twelve participants were randomized into a FT or ST group and trained their affected upper limb (3 times/week for 4 weeks) with the intensity standardized with BRPE. Feasibility was assessed by adherence, occurrence of adverse events, and comparison of BRPE ratings between groups. Clinical changes were defined as improvements on the Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA) and Wolf motor function test (WMFT). Results: All participants adhered to FT/ST without adverse effects, and comparable BRPE ratings were noted between groups throughout the training ( P ≥0.42). Both groups showed significant gains at the FMA (ST: 5±4 points/FT: 6±4 points; P =0.04) and WMFT (ST: 0.4±0.3 points/FT: 0.6±0.4 points; P =0.05), which were comparable between groups ( P ≥0.47). Conclusion: The results suggest that it is feasible to use the BRPE scale to adjust FT intensity. Gains in motor function in both groups suggest that undergoing therapy, regardless of its type, might be a sufficient stimulus to produce gains when intensity is adequately adjusted. Further studies are needed to validate the current observations. Keywords: stroke, Borg rating of perceived exertion scale, functional training, strength training, feasibility, motor function
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".