Efficient epoxidation of vegetable oils through the employment of acidic ion exchange resins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The epoxidation of vegetable oils is a chemical or biochemical reaction where oil triglycerides are converted into more reactive molecules. These will be further transformed into a broad variety of products with significant potential for industrial applications. The epoxidation of vegetable oils consists of a commercially established process that uses homogeneous mineral acids as catalysts. In this paper, different strong acidic ion exchange resins were evaluated as alternatives to substitute the commercial homogeneous catalysts. Amberlyst 39 was selected as the most promising one to explore the effect of the variables such as temperature, acetic acid, or hydrogen peroxide concentration in sunflower oil epoxidation. The optimal operational conditions that maximized the conversion and oxirane yield were determined. Then, these values were applied in several catalyst reuses for establishing the resin durability. Results show that by employing ion exchange resins, excellent product yields and selectivity are obtained, minimizing post‐reaction purification needs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".