End-Launch Horn Antenna Array for Ka-band 5G Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a large scale antenna system for 5G beamforming, the antenna modules can be designed as end-launch components. This concept is demonstrated by adopting half-height-pin gap waveguide technology to design a 4-element linear array. A quasi-TEM horn antenna is realized by flaring the double ridge that is surrounded by the half-height-pin electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure. The single antenna element shows an impedance bandwidth (-10 dB) of 35% at 30 GHz with the realized gain of 7 dBi. The same impedance bandwidth is maintained with a 4-element linear array having a gain of 13.6 dBi at 30 GHz. The quasi-TEM double ridge gap waveguide (RGW) antenna is excited through a planar microstrip transition. The microstrip-to-ridge transition is designed and optimized to achieve better impedance match. The overall antenna array performance in the operating frequency range, 27.5~38 GHz, is stable with radiation efficiency around 78 %.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".