A proxy for magmatic foams: FOAMGLAS®, a closed-cell glass insulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
FOAMGLAS® is a closed-cell glass insulation that has a high porosity, is impermeable, and can be heated above its glass transition temperature ( Tg ) without fracturing. Here, we characterize, using standard laboratory techniques, the thermal and transport properties of FOAMGLAS®, and report viscometry and calorimetry results. Based on this characterization, we propose that FOAMGLAS® be used as a proxy material in studies of the deformational behaviour of natural crystal-free melts populated with isolated bubbles. We demonstrate its utility with a case study: cores of FOAMGLAS® are deformed at high temperature (> Tg ) in uniaxial compression. Deformed FOAMGLAS® samples record a different pattern of strain accumulation (volume loss vs. bulging) compared to deformed natural materials where bubble connectivity is high (e.g., sintered ash, vesicular lavas). The divergent behaviour can be ascribed to pressurization of the isolated gas-filled bubbles as a result of compression. The pressurized bubbles resist deformation, and expand when unloaded. In contrast, the high connectivity of open-cell foams allows gas escape and collapse of pore space during compression. The different behaviours of open- and closed-cell melt foams highlight the influence of isolated bubbles on magma rheology. These results demonstrate the utility of FOAMGLAS® as an experimental analogue for closed-cell bubble-rich magmas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".