Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand and Canada, the impact of colonisation has resulted in profound disparities in health and social well-being between the Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. This chapter discusses the perinatal health of Indigenous women and babies with a focus on three countries: Australia, New Zealand and Canada. It emphasises the impact of colonisation on the health of Indigenous populations and describe disparity in social and health outcomes for Indigenous peoples compared with non-Indigenous people including perinatal outcomes. The chapter discusses the key characteristics of positive policy and service responses and identifies the strategies aimed at promoting psychosocial resilience and optimising health outcomes for Indigenous childbearing women, their babies and families in these countries. Social reforms introduced in 1988 based on the three principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, now underpin many social and health reforms in New Zealand - and unlike other Indigenous peoples discussed in this chapter, New Zealand is a truly bicultural nation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.026 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.030 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".