Yield Stress of Alcoflood and Xanthan Polymers Solutions and Their Emulsions with Crude Oil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experimental investigation of yield stress measurements for Alcoflood and Xanthan polymers solutions and their emulsions with crude oil were studied by using RheoStress RS100 under controlled stress mode.The yield stress study was investigated over a wide range of polymer concentration, two concentrations of crude oil, and different type of polymers.For the same polymer concentration of 104 ppm, the aqueous solution of AF1285 reported a higher resistance to flow than the aqueous solution of AF1235.The apparent yield stresses for Alcoflood aqueous solutions and their crude oil emulsions are increased by polymer concentration.Higher concentration of Xanthan aqueous solutions showed higher ascending and descending rheograms.For Xanthan concentration of ≤ 1000 ppm, very low yield stresses are found for all the Xanthan solutions and oil emulsions.For 75% crude oil emulsions, almost similar rheograms behaviors are reported for all the tested Xanthan concentrations.The yield stress analysis showed that the higher Xanthan concentration leads to a higher resistance for both of aqueous solutions and emulsions to startup.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".