3D Printed Disposable Wireless Ion Sensors with Biocompatible Cellulose Composites
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract As the wireless communication technologies are becoming more crucial for internet‐of‐things (IoT) electronic devices, sensors have also been equipped with wireless data collection. A conventional way to make wireless sensor systems is to develop active sensor devices with silicon‐based chip technologies integrated with an amplifier, a battery, a converter, among others. However, it is difficult to generate disposable inexpensive flexible sensors with all these rigid components. Here, 3D printed disposable wireless ion selective sensor systems with unique form factors, high sensitivity, and flexibility are reported. A 3D printable conductive ink is designed and optimized with cellulose nanofibers by addition of silver nanowires for sustainable and biocompatible sensor applications. Polyimide film which has high surface hydrophobicity is used as a substrate for better resolution of printing. The 3D printed wireless sensor system includes inductor–capacitor circuits, and ion selective membrane electrodes, which can detect quantitative ion concentrations selectively. The change of ion concentrations is detected by measuring the magnitude of S 11 , reflective coefficient at the resonant frequency of 2.36 GHz using a vector network analyzer. The demonstrated sensitivity is 3.4%/ m for ammonium ion (NH 4 + ).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it