PSXV-27 Determination of the optimal canola meal inclusion rate in pelleted starters for Holstein calves.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the canola meal (CM) inclusion rate in pelleted starters for Holstein heifer calves. Fifty heifers (39.8 ± 3.4 kg) were assigned at birth to one of five treatments with CM replacing 0, 15, 30, 45 or 60% CP of the soybean meal. Starter was provided ad libitum from d 8 until d 71 of age, and calves were weaned at 57 d of age. Milk replacer and starter intakes were recorded daily, and BW was measured weekly. On 70.2 ± 0.8 d of age, ruminal fluid was collected and analyzed for short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and ammonia concertation. Data were analyzed using the mixed model of SAS with contrasts to determine whether responses were linear, quadratic, or cubic. Milk replacer intake was not affected (P ≥ 0.46). Increasing CM inclusion tended to linearly decrease starter intake during the weaning transition (P = 0.063) and post-weaning (P = 0.053) periods. However, ADG and feed efficiency were not affected during the weaning transition or post-weaning (P ≥ 0.13). Ruminal pH and total SCFA concentration were not affected by increasing inclusion of CM, but the molar proportions of acetate (P = 0.044; 47.6, 47.1, 46.5, 48.9 and 43.8 mol/100 mol) and butyrate (P = 0.021; 8.54, 10.17, 8.43, 5.81 and 9.41 mol/100 mol) were affected cubically, while the proportion of propionate tended (P = 0.075) to increase linearly with increasing CM inclusion. Ammonia concentration responded cubically to the treatments as well (P = 0.031; 18.1, 13.5, 14.9, 22.6, 15.6 mg/dL). During the weaning transition, increased inclusion of CM in the starter may decrease starter intake; however, growth and feed efficiency are not affected. Replacing soybean meal with canola meal has minor effects on ruminal fermentation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".