Assessment of the functionality of rope pumps for sustainable water supply in rural areas of Malawi
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The sustainable provision of adequate and safe drinking water is the most important of all public services. A high share of the population in Malawi lives in rural areas where access to safe water and access to sanitation is very low. However, non-functionality of water facilities in rural areas continues to affect the availability of potable water further compromising the access. This paper reports on the functionality assessment on one type of hand pumps, the Rope pump, in rural areas which were installed since 2012. Of the 127 Rope pumps that were visited in six districts, 73% of the Rope pumps were functioning and 27% were non-functional as a results of rope breakage, breaking of the handle, dry wells and water quality issues (turbidity and odour). To increase functionality there should be trainings on O&M of the Rope pumps to the users, Self-supply approach should be encouraged to ensure private ownership of the Rope pump and proper sitting of the Rope pump should be emphasised.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".