Search for invisible modes of nucleon decay in water with the SNO+ detector
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports results from a search for nucleon decay through invisible modes, where no visible energy is directly deposited during the decay itself, during the initial water phase of $\mathrm{SNO}+$. However, such decays within the oxygen nucleus would produce an excited daughter that would subsequently deexcite, often emitting detectable gamma rays. A search for such gamma rays yields limits of $2.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{29}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{y}$ at 90% Bayesian credibility level (with a prior uniform in rate) for the partial lifetime of the neutron, and $3.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{29}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{y}$ for the partial lifetime of the proton, the latter a 70% improvement on the previous limit from SNO. We also present partial lifetime limits for invisible dinucleon modes of $1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{28}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{y}$ for $nn$, $2.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{28}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{y}$ for $pn$ and $4.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{28}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{y}$ for $pp$, an improvement over existing limits by close to 3 orders of magnitude for the latter two.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".