Do Nocturnally Migrating Passerines Concentrate Along the Coast of Lake Huron?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many populations of North American migratory songbirds, especially aerial insectivores and Neotropical migrants, have been declining in the past few decades.The development of wind farms on many shorelines of the Great Lakes has raised concern for migratory birds passing through the area.The Great Lakes may represent a barrier to migratory birds which may result in a concentration of birds along the coast during nocturnal migration.I compared the abundance of nocturnal flight calls (NFCs) recorded by acoustic recorders among coastal and inland sites.I also used identified NFCs to determine whether species composition varies with proximity to the coast.I found variation in abundance among sites, but no consistent patterns in migration abundance or species composition in relation to distance from coast.Overall, there was no indication that birds concentrated at the coast during nocturnal migration.My results indicate that coastal wind farms may not present a greater risk to nocturnal migrants than interior wind farms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".