Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter examines the changing overall dynamic between individual governors and the central government, specifically using data of governor meetings with the PM over time. It discusses the evolving role and behaviour of the National Governors&s; Association (NGA), a key actor representing the collective interests of the regions, as well as the use of more institutionalized frameworks for inter-governmental interaction. The chapter investigate cases of major conflicts led by individual governors against the national government to better assess the origins, processes, and outcomes of these multi-level conflicts. The proportion of PM meetings with non-Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) governors has clearly surged from under 20 per cent in the 1980s and 1990s to around 30 per cent for Aso and Abe to over 50 per cent since 2009. Local opposition movements against national public works projects such as dams, airports, and nuclear plants have always been a recurring fixture in post-war politics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.021 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.018 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".