Formation of nanotubes on commercially pure titanium at high potentials (=10 V) and their electrochemical response
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The commercially pure titanium (cpTi–2) was anodized at high potentials (≥10 V) in an organic solution containing fluoride ions. The morphology of the nanotubular structure (NTs) depends on the applied electric field as evaluated from the scanning electron microscope images. The internal diameter of the NTs increased from ∼26 to ∼150 nm with the increase in potential from 10 to 60 V. The growth of Ti 6 O NTs along the (110) and (112) crystallographic planes and increase in crystallite size as determined from x-ray diffraction patterns is found to be a function of applied potential during the anodizing process. The electrochemical behavior of these anodized samples was evaluated in 1 wt% NaCl solution through potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test methods. The NTs formed at high potentials (50 and 60 V) represented relatively smaller Tafel slopes ( b a and b c ) and larger corrosion ( i corr ) and passive ( i p ) current compared to NTs developed at low potentials. These results were in support with the improved kinetic response of the Ti 6 O film, predicted from the simulation of impedance spectra. The p-type semiconductive behavior and an order of magnitude higher charge carrier concentration were also exhibited by NTs formed at potential >40 V as confirmed from Mott Schottky analyses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".