Catalytic convertion of Al-MCM-41-ceramic on hidrocarbon (C8 – C12) liquid fuel synthesis from polypropylene plastic waste
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydrocarbon liquid fuel (C8-C12) from poly propylene plastic waste has been successfully synthesized by catalytic conversion using Al-MCM-41 as catalyst. The Al-MCM-41 was characterized using SAXRD. Morphology of Al-MCM-41 surface was analyzed using TEM. The metals content were measured using XPS. The performance of Al-MCM-41 to adsorb and desorb nitrogen was monitored by GSA using BET model. The acidity of Al-MCM-41 was analyzed by FTIR by pyridine absorption method. Al-MCM-41 catalyst was used to convert polypropylene plastic waste in 200 mL catalytic convertion reactor. The Al-MCM-41 catalyst was used for three times and coded as sample A, B, and C. The results showed that sample A, B, and C produce hydrocarbon fraction (C8-C12) liquid fuel with a composition of 92.76; 91.92; and 90.58%, respectively. The repeated use of the catalyst causes a decrease in the composition of the hydrocarbon fraction (C8-C12) due to decrease of catalyst performance as observed by a TON (Turn Over Number) value which increased from 0.075%/gram to 0.156%/gram. Based on physical test i.e. boiling point, flash point, density, viscosity, and calorific value, it was proved that hydrocarbon fuels A, B and C have characteristics that in accordance with standard, premium gasoline, as specified in SNI 06-3506- 1994 and HIBER11Z international standards issued by Hibernia Petroleum Canada in 2016.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it