In the Footsteps of Mackintosh and Innis: Tracking Canada’s Economic Centre of Gravity since the Great Depression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article, we track the historical movement in Canada’s economic centre of gravity (ECG) since the early 20th century. A simple weighted mean centre approach is applied to a novel data set containing long-run estimates of household income at the provincial level. The analysis reveals that from 1926 to 2013, Canada’s ECG shifted westward by a net distance of 204 kilometres. Concomitant with this broad geographical shift, we identify six distinct historical moments during which major spatial realignments occurred, including a significant west-to-east move during the Great Depression years and two important east-to-west shifts during the energy-driven resource booms of the 1970s and post-2000 period. Time series modeling confirms that the ups and downs of resource commodity prices are indeed strongly associated with historical movements of the ECG in Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".