Development of anti-photo and anti-thermal high internal phase emulsions stabilized by biomass lignin as a nutraceutical delivery system
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Herein, oil-in-water high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) were stabilized by lignin from different technical resources with the assistance of alkyl polyglycoside (APG) using an ultrasonic cavitation method. The results showed that the amphiphilicity of lignin determined the formation of HIPEs. Microscopic and rheological characterization indicated that the molecular weight and concentration of lignin, the APG dosage and the oil/water ratio had important influences on the microstructure and stability of the HIPEs. In addition, nutraceutical β-carotene could be encapsulated in the oil phase of the HIPEs, which exhibited outstanding protection against photo- and thermal-oxidative degradation of β-carotene. After storage for 30 days under room temperature/light or storage for 7 days under 55 °C/dark conditions, the retention of β-carotene in the HIPEs was 87% to 95%, which is significantly higher than that of β-carotene dispersed in bulk oil. In vitro digestion experiments indicated that the digestibility of the HIPEs also markedly improved. The largest release of free fatty acids was 80%. The bio-accessibility of β-carotene in these lignin-based HIPEs also reached 60%.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it