LABOUR MARKET INTEGRATION ISSUES RELATED TO MIGRANTS ARRIVING TO HUNGARY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The migration flows appearing in the recent years have gained central relevance in Hungary. Previously people were having no opinion about the current situation of issues related to migration but the increased media attention lead to the development of mixed attitudes among people. Some people feel sorry for the families who are coming from the war zones and lost their homes, others have fear of losing their position at work, or their families because of the acts they have heard from the media and they are hostile to the issue of integration whether it is about education or the labour market. According to the statistical data; in the third quarter of 2015, more than hundred thousand asylum-seekers arrived to Hungary, which dropped drastically in the fourth quarter caused by the significant transformation of the asylum process. This study is intended to serve two objectives: first describe the comprehensive picture of labour market attitudes towards migrants and secondly to identify factors that affect the employment of foreigners in Hungary using secondary data sources. Based on this analysis those questions can be formulated, which may constitute a basis for further labour market researches for the integration of migrants. From our point of view there are vital aspects of the migrants’ successful social integration; we have to integrate the migrants who are coming to our country and plan to stay for a longer time to the field of education and the labour market. The social integration of migrants in a country is closely linked to employment, to the integration into the labour market, and in many cases one of the obstacles in this regard is the prejudiced behaviour and negative attitudes towards migrants which manifests itself as the discrimination in the labour market. The results of the European Commission confirm that in Hungary the ethnicity as a variable appears to be the second on the list of the most serious discrimination factors. Research results show that labour market discrimination is clearly increasing, the location of disadvantaged groups encounter difficulties. Based on the results, the rejection in the case of job seeking and dismissal, redundancy commonly occurs due to the educational attainment and the age, while in the case of office administration the discrimination occurs most often due to the origin. The European Social Survey based on their research for the period of 10 years highlighted that in Hungary in connection with the ethinic Hungarians living abroad, most of the people are refusing to settle down them in their national country. The Institute of Management and Organization Sciences, University of Debrecen launched its research in 2016 which aims to present 364 attitudes towards migration, migrants primarily among university students and employers in labour market terms. Parts of the survey show that the MA-students who consider themselves basically tolerant are rejecting migrants in action. The answers related to the educational level of the migrants have shown that basic qualification and professional knowledge can be assumed if the respondents considered that the migrants have any measurable school education. The migrants’ attitudes towards work are generally wrong according to the respondents. Only a low proportion of the respondents would like to work together with migrants or would be their mentor, applying them as an entrepreneur or manager. However, the ratio of uncertain people in all three cases was above 50% which means if we can show positive examples of migrant workers to the students the ratio can be reduced. The researches on the employment of migrants show a mixed picture. The qualified multilingual workforce often experiencing the benefits of the non-Hungarian nationality. Based on studies conducted among immigrants, nearly half of the respondents arrive to Hungary for employment purposes, while nearly one from five to study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".