Blood Thiamine Level and Cognitive Function in Older Hospitalized Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim: We sought to identify any association between whole blood thiamine level and functional status in older hospitalized patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study retrospectively analyzed the results of routine measurements of whole blood thiamine levels of 233 older patients who were consecutively hospitalized to a geriatric acute care ward. Nutritional status, depression, and the participants’ cognitive impairment were evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form, Depression in Old Age Scale, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment, respectively. Activities of daily living were determined using Barthel Index (BI) on admission and at the time of discharge. Diagnoses of dementia and delirium were derived from the patients’ medical records. Results: Of 233 participants (mean age 82.1 [7.1]), 47.0% and 39.0% were at risk of malnutrition and malnourished, respectively. There was no thiamine deficiency (<20 ng/mL) in total population. Nearly all patients (95%) were screened with impaired cognitive function, in which 36% and 9% had the diagnosis of dementia and delirium, respectively. Patients with dementia ( P = .040) and delirium ( P = .002) demonstrated lower mean thiamine blood levels compared to patients without. Mean blood vitamin B 1 was higher in patients with functional recovery (change in BI ≥5 points during hospitalization; P = .018). In a binary logistic regression analysis, blood vitamin B 1 , weight loss, and female gender were the major independent risk factors for delirium but not for dementia. Conclusion: Despite the absence of thiamine deficiency, whole blood thiamine was lower in patients with dementia and delirium compared to those without. Higher thiamine levels were significantly associated with functional recovery during hospitalization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".