Physiology and Behaviour of Ixodes Scapularis Infected with Bartonella spp. in Nova Scotia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bartonella is a genus of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria that primarily parasitizes mammalian hosts and is understood to be the causative agent for a number of illnesses that affects humans and their companion animals. In Nova Scotia, Ixodes scapularis (Say) is the primary vector of Bartonella spp. Recent studies suggest that the presence of bacterial agents may influence the physiology and behaviour of these Ixodes ticks. Following in this research, the goal of the current study was to determine potential changes in physiology and behaviour in I. scapularis infected with Bartonella spp. For this purpose, I. scapularis ticks were collected in Nova Scotia and subjected to tests to determine temperature preference and supercooling point (SCP), followed by DNA extraction, PCR, and gel electrophoresis in order to detect the presence of the Bartonella spp. in the collected samples. 45.5% of the experimental population was determined to be infected with Bartonella spp., with males infected at a rate of 48.7% and females at a rate of 42.3%. Infected females demonstrated a preference for a lower average temperature (23.85°C ±2.41) than uninfected females (26.47°C ±2.90), however confidence intervals based on standard deviation around the mean suggests that this difference is not significant. No other significant difference was determined between the infected and uninfected populations. We therefore conclude that Bartonella spp. infection does not affect the behaviour or physiology of I. scapularis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".