Geospatial Social Network lnnovation Assessment of the Spanish Higher Education
Bibliographic record
Abstract
SYSTEMS 4.1.1. Brief history of GIS Geographic information systems were created in the 1960s by the Canada Geographic Information System However, some may argue that the first documented GIS was applied in France in 1832 by the French geographer Charles Picquet, who applied spatial analysis to the cholera epidemiology in Paris employing color gradients for each of the districts in Paris. Similarly, John Snow represented the cholera cases in the London of 1854. Snow's contribution is significant because it was the first time that someone employed maps, not only for displaying data, but also for argumentation An interesting view of the GIS evolution is offered by In addition, the Center for Advanced Spatial Analysis (n.d.), from the Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment in London, created a graphic timeline including GIS' milestones, the significant, and the minor events of GIS history ranging from the 1950s up to the year 2000.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.012 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".