Plasma essential amino acid concentrations in response to casein infusion or ration change in dairy cows: A multilevel, mixed-effects meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objectives of the current meta-analysis were to review the relationships between plasma individual essential AA concentrations and their respective AA digestible flows (AADI) in 2 independent sets of studies. The first set of studies included 36 casein infusion studies (CN; 83 treatment means) and was regarded as the best comparison standard available, because differences in AADI achieved by casein infusion (up to 40% of total metabolizable protein supply) did not rely on any model assumptions and were directly estimated from casein infusions. The second set of studies included 42 feeding trials (FT; 94 treatment means) in which AADI were predicted using the 2001 National Research Council model. The 2 sets of studies were not balanced for dry matter intake and the supplies of metabolizable protein and net energy for lactation; therefore, a subset of 17 CN studies (35 treatment means) and 19 FT trials (49 treatment means) balanced for these variables was assembled to allow the comparison of linear terms from CN and FT studies. In the subset of data set, the linear terms of individual AA did not differ between CN and FT studies except for Met and Thr, with a slope lower by 23 and 62%, respectively, in CN versus FT studies. The agreement in linear slopes between CN and FT studies indicates, indirectly, that AADI were predicted accurately by the National Research Council model. In the large data set, the relationships between plasma concentrations of Ile, Leu, Val, and their sum (branched-chain AA; BCAA) and their respective AADI shared common characteristics that distinguished them from the other AA. For the plasma concentration of BCAA, the linear terms were significant in CN and FT studies, but the quadratic terms were significant only in FT studies. This decline in the response of plasma concentration of BCAA to increased BCAA digestible flow in FT studies was associated with diets rich in energy, diets with a high concentrate level, or diets based on corn silage. These dietary conditions can stimulate insulin secretion and decrease plasma concentration of BCAA. For the non-BCAA, a quadratic term was significant for plasma His, Lys, Met, and Thr in each set of studies, indicating an increased removal of these AA by the liver as AADI increased.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.019 | 0.026 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.014 | 0.055 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".