Bibliographic record
Abstract
La emergencia de la partida doble marcó el cambio en la teneduría de libros de una tarea mecánica a un oficio especializado y representó los inicios de la profesión contable. Este estudio busca identificar qué causó tal cambio significativo, mediante la adopción de la perspectiva de la nueva historia de la contabilidad, es decir, investigando las circunstancias que rodearon el surgimiento de la partida doble a principios de siglo XIII en Italia. Contrario a los hallazgos anteriores, este trabajo concluye que la forma más probable de empresa en la que esta surgió es un banco, con certeza en Florencia. La rendición de cuentas de los bancos locales en esta ciudad al gremio bancario dio un impulso externo único que generó un nuevo modo de teneduría de libros. Este nuevo esquema proporcionó una imagen clara e inequívoca de las cuentas de todos los deudores y acreedores, junto con los medios para verificar que las partidas entre ellos fueran completas y exactas.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.024 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".