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Record W2906854306

Amélioration du combustible nucléaire en utilisant des matériaux tolérants aux accidents

2018· article· fr· W2906854306 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Ahmed Naceur

Bibliographic record

VenuePolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal) · 2018
Typearticle
Languagefr
FieldMaterials Science
TopicNuclear Materials and Properties
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHumanitiesPhysicsPolitical scienceArt
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Quelques mois suivant l’accident de Fukushima Daiichi (11 Mars, 2011), un effort de RD&D americain, francais et japonais s’est assidument deploye en vue d’un remplacement du crayon de combustible nucleaire actuel (U[Pu]O2/Zr) par un second dit “tolerant aux accidents”, dans l’optique d’une adoption dans les assemblages des reacteurs a eau legere pour la fin de l’annee 2022. Cet effort est mene sous le nom de projet ATF (“Accident Tolerant Fuels”), reprenant ainsi le meme terme evoque par le Congres des Etats-Unis peu de jours apres l’incident. Les alliages ferritiques (FeCrAl et APMT), l’austenitique (310SS) et le silicium-carbone (SiC) forment trois classes de candidats susceptibles de reduire au moins de 100 fois la cinetique d’oxydation du Zircaloy au dela de 1204 C, de reduire l’enthalpie du coeur, de retarder le point d’eclatement du crayon et d’agir comme barriere au transport d’oxygene a haute pression. La stabilite thermo-mecanique de ces nouveaux crayons dans un environnement d’eau legere, a faibles et hauts burnups, en etat stationnaire et transitoire venait d’etre rendue publique par le laboratoire americain d’Oak Ridge. Ce projet de recherche consiste a quantifier l’impact neutronique d’un tel remplacement de la gaine au Zircaloy dans la filiere CANDU-6 (Canada Deuterium Uranium) des reacteurs a eau lourde, en conditions nominales d’operation et en conditions accidentelles anticipees. Les penalites neutroniques de 56Fe et de 59Ni, respectivement, observees pour les alliages ferritiques et austenitique impliquent un changement de la politique canadienne actuelle vers un besoin en enrichissement. Une strategie d’enrichissement en 235U est developpee et un critere de convergence de criticite moyenne de la grappe CANLUB est adopte. L’accumulation de poison, d’actinides et de produits de fission est suivie a chaque pas de burnup. Un calcul multigroupes a permis de quantifier les taux d’absorption des gaines par rapport a la pastille d’UO2. Le degre de durcissement du flux neutronique est suivi dans le combustible, la gaine et le moderateur. Ce durcissement est egalement quantifie dans les regions internes et externes du coeur, et ce, a differentes hauteurs et differentes periodes precedent le debut du processus de rechargement. L’effet des barres de regulation liquides et solides sur l’aplanissement du flux est etudie. L’effet du durcissement du flux sur le profil radial et axial des puissances de canal et de grappe est quantifie. Un raffinement des conditions de discretisation de la pastille et une consideration de son inhomogeneite ont permis une comparaison fine de l’autoprotection spatiale des resonances. L’augmentation du volume du caloporteur, du volume de la pastille et du volume de l’espace d’helium sont les trois schemas d’optimisation proposes et etudies pour contrer les penalites des gaines et les couts en enrichissement.----------Abstract Following the Japanese Fukushima Daiichi Units 1-3 station blackout accident (March, 11th 2011), nuclear fuel pin improvement has become a subject of intense concern in the United-States Congress. After receiving the US-Senate Appropriations Committee Report (SR:112-75), the US Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) has doubly recognized, in June 2012 and April 2015, the technical feasibility of the so-called “accident tolerant fuel” (ATF) concept. American, French and Japanese RD&D efforts have then been steadily deployed to enhance the fuel/cladding tolerance, with the DOE-NE intention of performing a lead test assembly or lead test rod irradiation in light water reactor by the end of 2022. Austenitic stainless steel (310SS), ferritic alloys (FeCrAl and APMT) and silicon carbide (SiC) form three conventional classes of candidates that offer more than one hundred times improvement in oxidation resistance in steam-H2 environments above 1204 C, reduce the core enthalpy, delay the cladding ballooning and burst point and act as a barrier to the oxygen transport at high pressure. The thermo-mechanical stability of these new pins in a light water environment, at low and high burnups, for steady and transient state, has just been made public by the US Fuel Cycle Research Development Advanced Fuels Campaign at the Oak Ridge Laboratory. The main objectif of this project consists in quantifying the neutronic impact of the Zircaloy cladding replacement in the pressurized heavy water CANDU-6 (Canada Deuterium Uranium) reactor, under nominal operating conditions and anticipated accident conditions. The observed 56Fe and 59Ni high thermal captures, respectively, in ferritic and austenitic alloys imply a shift in current Canadian policy and legacy towards a need for fuel enrichment. A 235U enrichment strategy is developed to achieve the CANLUB bundle burnup average criticality. Poison, actinides and fission products accumulation rates are compared and analyzed at each burnup step. A multigroup transport computations is used to quantify the sheaths’ absorption rates with respect to the UO2 pellets. The neutron flux hardening is studied in the fuel, cladding and moderator, in the inner and the outer core regions at different periods preceding the scheduled refueling date. The effect of liquid zone controllers and adjusters insertion and removal on flux flattening is presented. The consequence of flux hardening on bundle and channel radial and axial power profiles is quantified. A refinement of fuel pellet’s radial discretization and a consideration of its inhomogeneity allowed a fine comparison of the spatial self-shielding.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.005
Threshold uncertainty score0.010

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.024
GPT teacher head0.256
Teacher spread0.233 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2018
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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