An Automated Breast Ultrasound Scanner with Integrated Shear Wave Elastography, Doppler Flow Imaging and Photoacoustic Tomography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have integrated shear wave elasticity, Doppler flow imaging, and photoacoustic tomography into the SonixEm-brace automated breast ultrasound scanner (ABUS). This system can acquire a multimodal volumetric scan of the entire breast in under ten minutes. We present here a series of phantom studies demonstrating the capabilities of this combined system for the first time. We imaged a commercially available elastography training phantom, measuring the stiffness of the background material to be 17.5 ± 0.1 kPa and the stiffness of the inclusions to be 32.3 ± 0.3 kPa, as compared to the manufacturer's provided values of 20 ± 5 kPa and ~40 kPa, respectively. We imaged a knotted tube phantom, demonstrating the computation and scan conversion of volumetric Doppler flow data. Finally, we developed and imaged a multimodal phantom incorporating inclusions which are uniquely visible in either elasticity or photoacoustic imaging.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".