On Relating Bulk Properties to Particle Morphology of Selected Grains*
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter presents experimental results relating bulk properties to newly developed shape terms: Hausner ratio (H.R.), processing parameter, flow time, angle of internal friction, and void ratio of several materials. Corn, wheat, barley, oats, and soybean samples were subjected to morphological analysis using the Particle Image Analyzing System, Empirical relationships were obtained which correlate grain morphic feature and bulk properties, such as void ratio and angle of internal friction. In order to reduce the number of variables which might affect the bulk properties, it was decided to use different sources of silica sands, sieved to a very narrow size range. Sands used were from Rehoboth Beach, AGSCO, Ottawa, New Jersey, Whitehead Brothers, and Pennsylvania Glass Sand companies. The apparent densities of the sands were determined by using the ASTM standard method for the apparent densities of metal powders. A processing parameter of six PVC powders was studied.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".