Solid-State Emission Enhancement via Molecular Engineering of Benzofuran Derivatives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide A series of linear benzofuran derivatives consisting of either a vinylene or a cyanovinylene were prepared in order to investigate their emission properties. The X-ray crystallography of structurally similar derivatives was also evaluated. The crystalline structures of the vinylene derivatives showed only lateral contacts that involved the benzofurans and no π-stacking. In contrast, π-stacking was observed for the bisbenzofuran and benzofuran-phenyl cyanovinylene derivatives. No intermolecular π–π stacking was observed for the extended cyanovinylene structures. Intermolecular bonding between the nitrile and a furan atom was found. The fluorescence quantum yields (Φ fl ) of the vinylene derivatives were consistently high (>50%) in both solution and the crystal state. The exception was the benzofuran-furan-vinylene-phenyl, the Φ fl of which was <10% when in the solid state. The cyanovinylene counterparts emitted weakly in solution (Φ fl < 2%). Their luminogenic property was demonstrated with a ca. 15-fold increase in emission in the solid state. A 6-fold emission enhancement was also found when they were aggregated in a 90 vol% methanol/water mixture. The solid-state emission enhancement of the cyanovinylene benzofurans was in part attributable to intermolecular contacts that suppressed excited-state deactivation by molecular motion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".