Inactivation mechanisms of electron beam irradiation on <i>Listeria innocua</i> through the integrity of cell membrane, genomic <scp>DNA</scp> and protein structures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary As a non‐thermal sterilisation technology, electron beam irradiation (EBI) has attracted great interest for microbial inactivation in food preservation. This study aims to investigate the effects of EBI on membrane permeability, physiological status, morphological structure, genome integrity and protein structures of Listeria innocua irradiated at doses of 0.75, 1.50, 2.25, 3.00, 3.75 and 5.00 kGy. The results showed that EBI noticeably reduced the total microbial counts of L. innocua by more than 7 log CFU mL−1 with 5.00 kGy treatment. The cell membrane permeability increased, resulting in the leakage of intracellular substances and changes in cell physiological status, which was proven by the cell staining and electron microscopy (EM) observations. Moreover, the integrity of genomic DNA and protein secondary structure, but not the protein primary structure were also disrupted. These findings provide the intrinsic mechanisms for the inactivation of L. innocua affected by EBI, which could serve as a theoretical basis for a better application of EBI in food sterilisation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".