The Effect of Vegetable Oil Carriers and Adjuvants on Herbicide Efficacy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canola oil adjuvants and carriers reduced or had no effect on the phytotoxicity of 2, 4- d and glyphosate. Similar results were observed when soybean oil was used instead of canola oil. However, canola oil carriers and adjuvants increased sethoxydim phytotoxicity under field conditions in 1985, but not in 1984. Under controlled environmental conditions canola oil enhanced sethoxydim activity when used as a carrier, although not as an adjuvant. Soybean oil was as effective as canola oil when used as a carrier in the laboratory, but soybean oil carriers were the most effective in the field in 1985, even though both oils did enhance phytotoxicity. When canola and soybean oils were used as adjuvants in the field, the relationship between adjuvant concentration in the spray mix and the phytotoxicity of sethoxydim varied with the application method, as did the relative effectiveness of the two oils.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".