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Record W2907450060 · doi:10.1056/nejmc1811055

Deaths in Colorado Attributed to Kratom

2019· letter· en· W2907450060 on OpenAlexaff
Ken Gershman, Krista Timm, Meredith Frank, Laurissa Lampi, Jonathan Melamed, Roy Gerona, Andrew A. Monte

Bibliographic record

VenueNew England Journal of Medicine · 2019
Typeletter
Languageen
FieldPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
TopicAlkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
Canadian institutionsOffice of the Chief Medical Examiner
FundersNational Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institute of General Medical Sciences
KeywordsMedicineMEDLINEEnvironmental healthGerontologyLaw

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Deaths in Colorado Attributed to Kratom Kratom is an herbal drug that at high doses has opioid-like effects, but the potential for fatal overdose is unclear. This study of 15 kratom-related deaths ...

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Research integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesResearch integrity
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Commentary · Consensus signal: Commentary
Teacher disagreement score0.032
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0020.008
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0090.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.142
GPT teacher head0.439
Teacher spread0.297 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreCommentary

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations60
Published2019
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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