High brightness H- ion source for accelerators developed at TRIUMF
Bibliographic record
Abstract
TRIUMF has developed H− ion sources for decades and now they are being employed in TRIUMF cyclotrons as well as in various other machines. A high current version can produce up to 60 mA [1]. A medium range source is optimized to produce 20 mA. A new smaller H− ion source with a plasma volume of 50 mm x 75 mm ion source is being developed to produce 5 mA at a very low emittance and run years without changing the filament. Due to the low emittance and relatively little required maintenance, this ion source will suit cyclotrons as well as accelerators looking for reliable, stable operation with very low maintenance. Having four electrodes, this ion source can run at optimum extraction voltage while delivering the beam from 1 kV to 60 kV with little or no degradation of the beam quality. Performance of the source including beam current, arc parameters, emittance and filament lifetime are discussed in this paper.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".