Use of Alfaxalone or Midazolam–Dexmedetomidine–Ketamine for Implantation of Radiotransmitters in Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the physiologic and anesthetic effects, and differences, between two intramuscular drug protocols in adult bullsnakes ( Pituophis catenifer sayi ); the bullsnakes were being anesthetized for a radiotelemetry study. Free-ranging bullsnakes were injected IM with 10 mg/kg butorphanol, followed by either 20 mg/kg alfaxalone or a combination of 0.5 mg/kg midazolam, 0.05 mg/kg dexmedetomidine, and 5 mg/kg ketamine (MDK). After administration, muscle tone, response to stimuli, and jaw tone were evaluated before endotracheal intubation and surgical stimulation to implant coelomic transmitters. If a bullsnake responded to stimulation induced by surgical preparation, or noxious stimuli induced by the surgical procedure, isoflurane was administered to maintain a surgical plane of anesthesia. Heart rate, sedation depth, esophageal temperature, end-tidal CO 2 , respirations, time to spontaneous ventilation, extubation, return of righting reflex, and return of spontaneous movement were recorded. Assisted ventilation was initiated if bradypnea (<2 breaths/min) or apnea occurred. Six bullsnakes were evaluated in each group, for a total of 12 bullsnakes. The MDK group was reversed with 0.5 mg/kg atipamezole and 0.02 mg/kg flumazenil IM. All alfaxalone-treated bullsnakes responded to surgical stimulation with movement and required anesthetic maintenance with isoflurane, whereas none of the MDK bullsnakes required inhalant anesthesia. Bullsnakes anesthetized with MDK recovered significantly faster after reversal than bullsnakes in the alfaxalone group. MDK produced a satisfactory level of anesthesia for a minor surgical procedure in bullsnakes, whereas alfaxalone did not. Additional injectable (beyond butorphanol) or inhalant anesthetic agents are recommended for surgical procedures when using alfaxalone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".