Balsam fir strength behavior at moisture content in service after freezing in green condition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In northern countries, engineered wood products are widely used for the construction industry. Recently, a concern has been raised regarding a slow freezing rate in green wood (of the order of 1 °C / h up to 25 °C) that could greatly reduce wood strength. Thus, logs processed during winter might produce lumber with a lower mechanical strength in service than those produced during summer. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the freezing rate on the selected mechanical properties of balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill). Three groups of 17 planks (20 mm x 20 mm x 1200 mm) were exposed to three freezing rates (10 °C/h, 5 °C/h, 1 °C/h) and another group was kept as a control group. After the freezing treatments, the planks were stored in a conditioning room at 20 °C and 65% relative humidity to obtain an equilibrium moisture content of 14%. Samples of 10 mm x 10 mm x 190 mm and 10 mm x 10 mm x 40 mm, for static bending and parallel compression to the grain tests were then prepared, respectively. The results showed that the freezing rate did not have any effect on the mechanical strength of balsam fir wood.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".