A Network-cognizant Aggregate-frequency Reduced-order Power System Dynamical Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a reduced second-order power-system dynamical model that accounts for locational effects of load disturbances on system frequency dynamics over time scales corresponding to inertial and primary-frequency response. The locational aspects are retained in the proposed model by incorporating linearized power-flow balance into differential equations that describe synchronous-generator dynamics. Individual synchronous-generator speed dynamics are then combined into a single aggregate frequency state via weighting factors that can be tuned to maximize the accuracy of the reduced-order model. The proposed reduced-order model is general in the sense that its parameters are related to those of the original full-order model in analytical closed form, so that it can be constructed easily for different systems. Time-domain simulations demonstrate the accuracy of the reduced-order model with various choices of weighting factors and highlight the effect of load disturbance location on aggregate-frequency dynamics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".