Зарубежный опыт правового регулирования отношений в сфере оборота криптовалюты
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article discusses the foreign experience of cryptocurrency regulation since the beginning of their widespread use on the example of the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Ukraine, Japan, China and Latin America countries. Most of the countries, such as Venezuela, the United States, Canada, Australia, some EU countries, as well as such financial and technological giants as China and Japan are positive-expectant concerning the status of cryptocurrencies. The neutral position of a number of countries (the European Union led by Germany, Latin American countries) is due to the lack of developed legislation regulating cryptocurrency relations. In Ecuador, Thailand, Vietnam, Iceland and Bangladesh cryptocurrencies are prohibited. Venezuela became the first country in the world to create its national cryptocurrency-Petro. Its value is sunstantiated by reserves of natural resources of the country, and the price equals to a barrel of oil. By Petro, the Venezuelan government expects to overcome the economic crisis caused by the USA sanctions and to attract billions of dollars in investments. Venezuela's national cryptocurrency is built on a blockchain platform. It can be used for payments in the country and exchanged for other cryptocurrencies. In Russia, international experience in the field of regulation of cryptocurrency relationships and determining its status resulted in early adoption of the law on the cryptocurrency and the possible emergence of a national cryptocurrency - cryptolabs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.017 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it