Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-up Study (HAPO FUS): Maternal Glycemia and Childhood Glucose Metabolism
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study examined associations of maternal glycemia during pregnancy with childhood glucose outcomes in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: HAPO was an observational international investigation that established associations of maternal glucose with adverse perinatal outcomes. The HAPO Follow-up Study included 4,832 children ages 10-14 years whose mothers had a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at ∼28 weeks of gestation. Of these, 4,160 children were evaluated for glucose outcomes. Primary outcomes were child impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Additional outcomes were glucose-related measures using plasma glucose (PG), A1C, and C-peptide from the child OGTT. RESULTS: Maternal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was positively associated with child FPG and A1C; maternal 1-h and 2-h PG were positively associated with child fasting, 30 min, 1-h, and 2-h PG, and A1C. Maternal FPG, 1-h, and 2-h PG were inversely associated with insulin sensitivity, whereas 1-h and 2-h PG were inversely associated with disposition index. Maternal FPG, but not 1-h or 2-h PG, was associated with child IFG, and maternal 1-h and 2-h PG, but not FPG, were associated with child IGT. All associations were independent of maternal and child BMI. Across increasing categories of maternal glucose, frequencies of child IFG and IGT, and timed PG measures and A1C were higher, whereas insulin sensitivity and disposition index decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Across the maternal glucose spectrum, exposure to higher levels in utero is significantly associated with childhood glucose and insulin resistance independent of maternal and childhood BMI and family history of diabetes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it